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List of prime ministers of Spain

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

List of prime ministers of Spain
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The prime minister of Spain is the head of government of Spain. There is no specific date as to when the office of Prime Minister first appeared as the role was not created, but rather evolved over a period of time through a merger of duties. Modern historians have not managed to agree who the first prime minister of Spain was, but Francisco Martínez de la Rosa was the first prime minister recognized by a constitutional law (the Spanish Royal Statute of 1834).

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In contemporary Spain, the first Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Spain since the approval of the Constitution was Adolfo Suárez. Due to the gradual evolution of the post, the title has been applied to early prime ministers retroactively. The following list therefore includes those who have been referred to as various other titles since the creation of the Council of Ministers in 1823.

Since the reign of Philip V, prime ministers have received several names, such as First Secretary of State (until 1834), President of the Council of Ministers (1834–1868; 1874–1923; 1925–1939), President of the Executive Power (1874) or President of the Government (1973–present), among others. Between 1938 and 1973, the post of President of the Government was personally linked to the person serving as Head of State.

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Before 1823

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Further information: Secretary of State (Ancient Regime in Spain)

There is no specific date when the office of prime minister first appeared as the role was not created, but rather evolved over a period of time through merger of duties. The government was led by a Valido, a favourite of the Monarch or the ruling Regent. Since 1621, there was also a Secretary of State of the Universal Bureau (Secretario de Estado y del Despacho Universal), but this seems to have been rather a subordinate position.

Later, the reforms introduced by Phillip V in the 1710s established several secretaries of state for specific government areas, and the secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Secretario de Estado y del Despacho de Estado) was eventually known as the First Secretary of State due to its de facto role as primer minister. This position was consolidated with the establishment of the Council of Ministers in 1823 which the First Secretary of State chaired over in the king's absence, and in 1834 the First Secretary of State became known as President of the Council of Ministers.

Secretaries of State and the Universal Bureau

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First Secretaries of State

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List of officeholders

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Office title

  • First Secretary of State (1823–1834)
  • President of the Council of Ministers (1834–1868; 1869–1873; 1874–1923; 1925–1931; 1931–1939)
  • President of the Provisional Government and of the Council of Ministers (1868–1869)
  • President of the Executive Power (1869; 1873–1874)
  • Head of the Government and President of the Military Directory (1923–1925)
  • President of the Provisional Government (1931)
  • Head of State and President of the Government (1938–1973)
  • President of the Government (1973–present)

Kingdom of Spain (1823–1868)

Governments:

  •   Absolutist
  •   Moderate
  •   Progressive
  •   Young Spain
  •   Liberal Union
  •   Mixed coalition
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Democratic Sexennium and First Republic (1868–1874)

Governments:

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Bourbon Restoration in Spain (1874–1931)

Governments:

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Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939)

Governments:

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Francoist Spain (1936–1975)

Governments:

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Kingdom of Spain (1975–present)

Governments:

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Timeline

Pedro SánchezMariano RajoyJosé Luis Rodríguez ZapateroJosé María AznarFelipe GonzálezLeopoldo Calvo-SoteloAdolfo SuárezFernando de SantiagoCarlos Arias NavarroTorcuato Fernández-MirandaLuis Carrero BlancoFrancisco FrancoJuan NegrínFrancisco Largo CaballeroJosé GiralSantiago Casares QuirogaAugusto Barcía TrellesManuel Portela ValladaresJoaquín ChapaprietaRicardo SamperDiego Martínez BarrioAlejandro LerrouxManuel AzañaNiceto Alcalá-ZamoraJuan Bautista Aznar-CabañasDámaso BerenguerMiguel Primo de RiveraJosé Sánchez-Guerra y Martínez:es:Gabino BugallalManuel Allendesalazar y Muñoz de SalazarJoaquín Sánchez de TocaEduardo DatoÁlvaro de Figueroa, 1st Count of RomanonesManuel García-Prieto, 1st Marquess of AlhucemasJosé Canalejas (politician)Antonio Aguilar y Correa, 8th Marquess of la Vega de ArmijoJosé López DomínguezSegismundo MoretEugenio Montero RíosAntonio MauraRaimundo Fernández-VillaverdeFrancisco SilvelaMarcelo Azcárraga PalmeroJosé Posada HerreraArsenio Martínez CamposJoaquín Jovellar y SolerAntonio Cánovas del CastilloJuan de Zavala, 1st Marquis of Sierra BullonesEmilio CastelarNicolás Salmerón y AlonsoFrancesc Pi i MargallEstanislao FiguerasPráxedes Mateo SagastaJosé Malcampo, 3rd Marquess of San RafaelManuel Ruiz ZorrillaJuan Bautista TopeteJuan Prim, 1st Count of ReusFrancisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la TorreJosé Gutiérrez de la Concha, 1st Marquess of HavanaAlejandro Mon y MenéndezLorenzo ArrazolaSaturnino Calderón CollantesFrancisco Armero, 1st Marquess of NerviónLeopoldo O'Donnell, 1st Duke of TetuanÁngel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of RivasFernando Fernández de Córdova, 2nd Marquess of MendigorríaLuis José Sartorius, 1st Count of San LuisFrancisco de Lersundi y HormaecheaFederico de Roncali, 1st Count of AlcoyJuan Bravo MurilloSerafín María de Sotto, 3rd Count of ClonardFlorencio García GoyenaJoaquín Francisco Pacheco y Gutiérrez-CalderónCarlos Martínez de Irujo, Duke of SotomayorManuel de Pando, 6th Marquess of MirafloresRamón María NarváezLuis González-Bravo y López de ArjonaSalustiano de Olózaga y AlmandozÁlvaro Gómez BecerraJoaquín María López y LópezJosé Ramón Rodil, 1st Marquess of RodilJoaquín María de Ferrer y CafrangaVicente Sancho y CobertoresModesto Cortázar y Leal de IbarraValentín Ferraz y BarrauAntonio González, 1st Marquess of ValdeterrazoEvaristo Pérez de Castro y BritoBernardino Fernández de Velasco, 14th Duke of FríasEusebio Bardají y AzaraBaldomero EsparteroIldefonso Díez de Rivera, Count of AlmodóvarJosé María Calatrava y PeinadoFrancisco Javier de Istúriz y MonteroJuan Álvarez MendizábalMiguel Ricardo de Álava y EsquivelJosé María Queipo de Llano, 7th Count of TorenoFrancisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Berdejo:es:Antonio de Saavedra y JofréManuel González SalmónPedro de Alcántara Álvarez de Toledo, 13th Duke of the InfantadoFrancisco Cea BermúdezNarciso Fernández de Heredia, 2nd Count of Heredia-SpínolaCarlos Martínez de Irujo, 1st Marquess of Casa IrujoVíctor Damián Sáez

Notes

  1. Creation of the Council of Ministers.
  2. Appointed as the de jure officeholder, Miguel Ricardo de Álava rejected his nomination and did not formally take office. Juan Álvarez Mendizábal was nominally appointed to serve in interim capacity, but became the de facto officeholder after Álava's renounce.
  3. José María Calatrava was the de jure officeholder from 14 August 1836 to 18 August 1837. As a result of illness, Minister of State Ildefonso Díez de Rivera took on the ordinary discharge of duties from 10 March to 3 April 1837.
  4. Appointed to the office on 11 September 1840 by the Queen Regent from her hideout in Valencia. The appointment arrived to the Espartero-controlled Madrid on the night of the 13th.
  5. President of the Provisional Regency of the Realm (1840–1841), Regent of the Realm (1841–1843).
  6. On 30 September 1868, Queen Isabella II went into exile as a result of the Glorious Revolution and the Battle of Alcolea.
  7. President of the Provisional Government (1868–1869), President of the Executive Power (1869), Regent of the Realm (1869–1871).
  8. Juan Prim was the de jure officeholder from 18 June 1869 to 30 December 1870. As a result of a travel to France, Minister of the Navy Juan Bautista Topete took on the ordinary discharge of duties from 26 August to 21 September 1869.
  9. During the First Spanish Republic, the offices of the heads of state and government were merged until Francisco Serrano split them again in February 1874.
  10. Despite being appointed as Commander of the Northern Army in the Third Carlist War on 29 June 1874, Juan de Zavala remained the de jure officeholder until 3 September.
  11. Antonio Cánovas del Castillo held the office until Alfonso XII's return to Spain on 9 January 1875.
  12. Position disputed with the Republican government from 30 January 1938 to the end of the Civil War on 1 April 1939.
  13. Alejandro Rodríguez de Valcárcel, in his condition as president of the Council of the Realm, served as chairman of the Regency Council from Franco's death on 20 November to Juan Carlos I's enthronement two days later.
  14. On 7 April 1977, the National Movement (including FET y de las JONS) was officially disbanded,[301][302] with many cabinet members joining the nascent Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) upon its formation in May 1977.
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