1297

1297 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1297 MCCXCVII
Ab urbe condita	2050
Armenian calendar	746 ԹՎ ՉԽԶ
Assyrian calendar	6047
Balinese saka calendar	1218–1219
Bengali calendar	703–704
Berber calendar	2247
English Regnal year	25 Edw. 1 – 26 Edw. 1
Buddhist calendar	1841
Burmese calendar	659
Byzantine calendar	6805–6806
Chinese calendar	丙申年 (Fire Monkey) 3994 or 3787 — to — 丁酉年 (Fire Rooster) 3995 or 3788
Coptic calendar	1013–1014
Discordian calendar	2463
Ethiopian calendar	1289–1290
Hebrew calendar	5057–5058
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1353–1354
- Shaka Samvat	1218–1219
- Kali Yuga	4397–4398
Holocene calendar	11297
Igbo calendar	297–298
Iranian calendar	675–676
Islamic calendar	696–697
Japanese calendar	Einin 5 (永仁５年)
Javanese calendar	1208–1209
Julian calendar	1297 MCCXCVII
Korean calendar	3630
Minguo calendar	615 before ROC 民前615年
Nanakshahi calendar	−171
Thai solar calendar	1839–1840
Tibetan calendar	阳火猴年 (male Fire-Monkey) 1423 or 1042 or 270 — to — 阴火鸡年 (female Fire-Rooster) 1424 or 1043 or 271

Events

By place

Europe

January 8 – Guelph forces, led by the Genoese leader François Grimaldi (il Malizia), storm and capture the Rock of Monaco. François, disguised as a Franciscan friar, gains entry to the city, and opens the gates for his soldiers. He seizes the castle with his stepson Rainier I, an event that is commemorated on the coat of arms of Monaco. Rainier becomes the first sovereign ruler of the House of Grimaldi in Monaco; he rules initially until 1301, but the family will be ruling there into the 21st century.
Treaty of Alcañices: Kings Denis of Portugal ("the Poet King") and 11-year-old Ferdinand IV of Castile ("the Summoned") (under the guidance of his mother, Queen-Regent Maria de Molina) sign a treaty between Portugal and Castile, which establishes an alliance of friendship and mutual defense, leading to a peace of 40 years between the two kingdoms.^[1]
August 20 – Battle of Furnes: French forces under Robert II defeat the Flemings at Veurne. During the battle, Robert's son Philip of Artois is gravely wounded and dies a year later of his wounds.^[2]

British Isles

April 14 – King Edward I of England makes an appeal outside Westminster Hall for support for the war against France. He apologizes for the high tax demands he has previously levied. Edward asks the Barons (some 1,500 knights) to swear allegiance to his 12-year-old son, Prince Edward of Caernarfon. Aware of the dangers of the opposition to his power, Edward appears before a large crowd and receives total loyalty.
May – William Wallace, Scottish rebel leader, leads an uprising against the English at Lanark and kills Sheriff William Hesselrig. He joins with William Douglas the Hardy, the first Scottish nobleman in rebellion – combining forces at Sanquhar, Durisdeer and Scone Abbey (known as the Raid on Scone) in June. Later, Wallace captures the English treasury at Scone to finance the rebellion against Edward I of England.^[3]
Summer – Edward I of England orders a punitive expedition against the rebellious Scots. At Roxburgh, an army of some 9,000 men (including 2,000 cavalry) led by John de Warenne is assembled. Meanwhile, William Wallace leaves the forest of Selkirk with reinforcements and turns his attention north of the River Forth.^[4]
July – In Scotland, a group of nobles forms a confederacy (organized by Robert Wishart, bishop of Glasgow), but are defeated by English troops at Irvine. An agreement of submission to Edward I of England is signed by the future Scottish king Robert the Bruce and other Scottish leaders.
August 22 – Edward I of England leads an expedition to Flanders. He moves with an army (some 8,000 men) supported by 800 knights to Ghent and makes the city his base of operations in Flanders.
September 11 – Battle of Stirling Bridge: Scottish forces (some 6,000 men) led by Andrew Moray and William Wallace defeat an English army under John de Warenne at Stirling on the Forth.^[5]
October–November – Scottish forces led by William Wallace begin raids in Northumberland and Cumberland. During a ceremony at Selkirk, Wallace is knighted and appointed Guardian of Scotland.^[6] (Contradicts First Scottish War of Independence that cites William Wallace as having been made a knight and Guardian of Scotland in March, 1298)
Winter – Edward I of England accepts a truce proposed by King Philip IV of France ("the Fair") and leaves Flanders. He returns to London and prepares a campaign against William Wallace in Scotland.

By topic

Religion

May 3 – Stefano Colonna, Italian chief magistrate and papal official, captures the treasure of the tomb of Caecilia Metella near Rome, which is sent by the rival Caetani family to Pope Boniface VIII.^[7]
July 11 – King Louis IX of France (died 1270) is canonized by Boniface VIII. Louis a devout Christian of the Catholic Church, banned during his reign prostitution, gambling, blasphemy and judicial duels.^[8]
Boniface VIII attempts to end the rivalry between Genoa and Pisa over the Tyrrhenian islands of Sardinia and Corsica, naming King James II of Aragon ("the Just") as regent of the islands.
A Portuguese Water Dog is first described in a monk's report of a drowning sailor, who has been pulled from the sea by a dog.^[9]

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Events

By place

Europe

British Isles

By topic

Religion

Births

Deaths

References

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