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66th United States Congress
1919-1921 U.S. Congress From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The 66th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprising the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives.[1][2] It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1919, to March 4, 1921, during the last two years of Woodrow Wilson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1910 United States census.
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The Republicans won majorities in both the House and the Senate, thus taking control of both chambers.
This is the last congress to have no female members of congress in the House of Representatives, and thus the last time there was an all-male congress (several subsequent congresses, up to the 96th Congress, would have periods with no women in the Senate but several in the House).[3]
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Major events
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A brief special session was called by President Wilson in March 1919, because of a filibuster that had successfully blocked appropriations bills needed to fund day-to-day government operations.[4]
- April 30, 1919: First wave of the 1919 United States anarchist bombings.
- June 2, 1919: The home of Attorney General Palmer was bombed in the second wave of anarchist bombings.
- June 15, 1919: Pancho Villa attacked Ciudad Juárez. When the bullets begin to fly to the U.S. side of the border, 2 units of the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment crossed the border and repulse Villa's forces.
- July 19–23, 1919: Race riot in Washington, D.C.
- August 31, 1919: The Communist Party of the United States was established
- September 9, 1919: Boston Police Strike
- September 22, 1919: Steel strike of 1919
- October 2, 1919: President Woodrow Wilson suffered a massive stroke, leaving him partially paralyzed
- November 1, 1919: Coal Strike of 1919
- November 7, 1919: First of the Palmer Raids during the First Red Scare
- January 2, 1920: Second of the Palmer Raids during the First Red Scare
- January 16, 1920: Prohibition, went into effect in the United States
- March 1, 1920: United States Railroad Administration returned control of American railroads to its constituent railroad companies
- May 7–8, 1920: Louis Freeland Post appeared before the House Committee on Rules, effectively ending Attorney General Palmer's presidential aspirations.
- November 2, 1920: Warren G. Harding defeated James M. Cox in the 1920 United States presidential election
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Major legislation
- June 30, 1919: Navy Appropriations Act of 1919
- June 30, 1919: Hastings Amendment
- July 11, 1919: Anti-Lobbying Act of 1919
- July 11, 1919: Army Appropriations Act of 1919
- July 19, 1919: Sundry Civil Expenses Appropriations Act
- October 18, 1919: National Prohibition Act (Volstead Act), ch. 85, 41 Stat. 305
- October 22, 1919: Underground Water Act of 1919
- October 29, 1919: National Motor Vehicle Theft Act (Dyer Act)
- November 4, 1919: Deficiency Act of 1919
- November 6, 1919: Indian Soldier Act of 1919
- December 24, 1919: Edge Act of 1919
- February 25, 1920: Oil Leasing Act of 1920
- February 25, 1920: Mineral Leasing Act of 1920 (Smoot-Sinnot Act), ch. 85, 41 Stat. 437
- February 25, 1920: Pipeline Rights-of-Way Act
- February 25, 1920: Sale of Water For Miscellaneous Purposes Act
- February 28, 1920: Esch-Cummins Act, Pub. L. 66–152, 41 Stat. 456
- March 9, 1920: Suits in Admiralty Act of 1920
- March 15, 1920: Military Surplus Act of 1920 (Kahn-Wadsworth Act)
- March 30, 1920: Death on the High Seas Act of 1920
- April 13, 1920: Phelan Act of 1920
- May 1, 1920: Fuller Act of 1920
- May 10, 1920: Deportation Act of 1920
- May 18, 1920: Kinkaid Act of 1920
- May 20, 1920: Sale of Surplus Improved Public Lands Act
- May 22, 1920: Civil Service Retirement Act of 1920
- May 29, 1920: Independent Treasury Act of 1920
- June 2, 1920: Industry Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1920 (Smith-Bankhead Act)
- June 2, 1920: Civilian Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1920 (Smith-Fess Act)
- June 2, 1920: National Park Criminal Jurisdiction Act
- June 4, 1920: National Defense Act of 1920 (Kahn Act)
- June 5, 1920: Sills Act of 1920
- June 5, 1920: Merchant Marine Act of 1920 (Jones Act)
- June 5, 1920: Women's Bureau Act of 1920
- June 5, 1920: Ship Mortgage Act of 1920
- June 5, 1920: River and Harbors Act of 1920
- June 5, 1920: Federal Water Power Act of 1920 (Esch Act)
- January 4, 1921: War Finance Corporation Act of 1921
- March 3, 1921: Patent Act of 1921 (Nolan Act)
- March 3, 1921: Federal Water Power Act Amendment (Jones-Esch Act)
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Constitutional amendments
- January 16, 1919: Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol (though not the consumption or private possession) illegal, was ratified by the requisite number of states (then 36) to become part of the Constitution
- Amendment later repealed on December 5, 1933, by the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution
- June 4, 1919: Approved the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibiting the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification
- August 18, 1920: The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states (then 36) to become part of the Constitution
Treaties
- March 19, 1920: Senate refused to ratify Treaty of Versailles
Party summary
Senate
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House of Representatives
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Leadership
Senate leadership
Senate president
Senate president pro tempore
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Presiding
Majority (Republican) leadership
Minority (Democratic) leadership
House leadership
House Speaker
Presiding
Majority (Republican) leadership
Minority (Democratic) leadership
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Members
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Senate
In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1920; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1922; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1924.
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
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Changes in membership
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The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- Replacements: 5
- Democratic: 1 seat net loss
- Republican: 1 seat net gain
- Deaths: 2
- Resignations: 2
- Vacancy: 0
- Total seats with changes: 4
House of Representatives
- Replacements: 23
- Democratic: 4 seat net loss
- Republican: 4 seat net gain
- Deaths: 13
- Resignations: 10
- Contested elections: 3
- Total seats with changes: 32
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Committees
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Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
Senate
- United States Senate Select Committee on the Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress|Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select) (Chairman: Furnifold M. Simmons; Ranking Member: Boies Penrose)
- Agriculture and Forestry (Chairman: Asle Gronna; Ranking Member: Thomas P. Gore)
- Appropriations (Chairman: Francis E. Warren; Ranking Member: Lee S. Overman)
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: William M. Calder; Ranking Member: Andrieus A. Jones)
- Banking and Currency (Chairman: George P. McLean; Ranking Member: Robert L. Owen)
- Budget (Special)
- Canadian Relations (Chairman: Frederick Hale; Ranking Member: John B. Kendrick)
- Census (Chairman: Howard Sutherland; Ranking Member: Morris Sheppard)
- Civil Service and Retrenchment (Chairman: Thomas Sterling; Ranking Member: Kenneth McKellar)
- Claims (Chairman: Selden P. Spencer; Ranking Member: Joseph T. Robinson)
- Coast and Insular Survey (Chairman: Walter Evans Edge; Ranking Member: Edward J. Gay)
- Coast Defenses (Chairman: Joseph S. Frelinghuysen; Ranking Member: John W. Smith)
- Commerce (Chairman: Wesley L. Jones; Ranking Member: Duncan U. Fletcher)
- Conservation of National Resources (Chairman: Ellison D. Smith; Ranking Member: LeBaron B. Colt)
- Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia (Chairman: Atlee Pomerene; Ranking Member: Robert M. La Follette)
- Cuban Relations (Chairman: Hiram W. Johnson; Ranking Member: Oscar W. Underwood)
- Disposition of Useless Papers in the Executive Departments (Chairman: Thomas J. Walsh; Ranking Member: Joseph I. France)
- District of Columbia (Chairman: Lawrence Y. Sherman; Ranking Member: John W. Smith)
- District of Columbia Public School System (Select)
- Education and Labor (Chairman: William S. Kenyon; Ranking Member: Hoke Smith)
- Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Lee S. Overman; Ranking Member: Francis E. Warren)
- Enrolled Bills (Chairman: L. Heisler Ball; Ranking Member: Nathaniel B. Dial)
- Establish a University in the United States (Select)
- Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Chairman: John Walter Smith; Ranking Member: Frank B. Brandegee)
- Expenditures in the Department of Agriculture (Chairman: Arthur Capper; Ranking Member: Furnifold M. Simmons)
- Expenditures in the Department of Commerce (Chairman: Davis Elkins; Ranking Member: Josiah O. Wolcott)
- Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: John H. Bankhead; Ranking Member: Reed Smoot)
- Expenditures in the Department of Justice (Chairman: Thomas P. Gore; Ranking Member: William E. Borah)
- Expenditures in the Department of Labor (Chairman: Medill McCormick; Ranking Member: J.C.W. Beckham)
- Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Claude A. Swanson; Ranking Member: William P. Dillingham)
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: Henry W. Keyes; Ranking Member: William H. King)
- Expenditures in the Department of State (Chairman: Lawrence C. Phipps; Ranking Member: Henry L. Myers)
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Hoke Smith; Ranking Member: Warren G. Harding)
- Finance (Chairman: Boies Penrose; Ranking Member: Furnifold M. Simmons)
- Fisheries (Chairman: Truman H. Newberry; Ranking Member: Duncan U. Fletcher)
- Five Civilized Tribes of Indians (Chairman: Robert L. Owen; Ranking Member: George W. Norris)
- Foreign Relations (Chairman: Henry Cabot Lodge; Ranking Member: Gilbert M. Hitchcock)
- Forest Reservations and the Protection of Game (Chairman: Gilbert M. Hitchcock; Ranking Member: George P. McLean)
- Geological Survey (Chairman: Marcus A. Smith; Ranking Member: George W. Norris)
- Immigration (Chairman: LeBaron B. Colt; Ranking Member: Thomas P. Gore)
- Indian Affairs (Chairman: Charles Curtis; Ranking Member: Henry F. Ashurst)
- Indian Depredations (Chairman: Henry L. Myers; Ranking Member: Miles Poindexter)
- Industrial Expositions (Chairman: Key Pittman; Ranking Member: Asle Gronna)
- Interoceanic Canals (Chairman: William E. Borah; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Walsh)
- Interstate Commerce (Chairman: Albert B. Cummins; Ranking Member: Ellison D. Smith)
- Investigate Trespassers upon Indian Lands (Chairman: Henry F. Ashurst; Ranking Member: Wesley L. Jones)
- Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands (Chairman: Charles L. McNary; Ranking Member: James D. Phelan)
- Judiciary (Chairman: Knute Nelson; Ranking Member: Charles A. Culberson)
- Library (Chairman: Frank B. Brandegee; Ranking Member: John S. Williams)
- Manufactures (Chairman: Robert M. La Follette; Ranking Member: Ellison D. Smith)
- Military Affairs (Chairman: James W. Wadsworth Jr.; Ranking Member: George E. Chamberlain)
- Mines and Mining (Chairman: Miles Poindexter; Ranking Member: Charles B. Henderson)
- Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select) (Chairman: Joseph E. Ransdell; Ranking Member: Albert B. Cummins)
- National Banks (Chairman: Frank B. Kellogg; Ranking Member: Peter G. Gerry)
- Naval Affairs (Chairman: Carroll S. Page; Ranking Member: Claude A. Swanson)
- Pacific Islands, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Chairman: Albert B. Fall; Ranking Member: Morris Sheppard)
- Pacific Railroads (Chairman: Charles S. Thomas; Ranking Member: Frank B. Brandegee)
- Patents (Chairman: George W. Norris; Ranking Member: William F. Kirby)
- Pensions (Chairman: Porter J. McCumber; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Walsh)
- Philippines (Chairman: Warren G. Harding; Ranking Member: Duncan U. Fletcher)
- Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Charles E. Townsend; Ranking Member: John H. Bankhead)
- Printing (Chairman: George H. Moses; Ranking Member: Marcus A. Smith)
- Private Land Claims (Chairman: Charles A. Culberson; Ranking Member: Knute Nelson)
- Privileges and Elections (Chairman: William P. Dillingham; Ranking Member: Atlee Pomerene)
- Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Bert M. Fernald; Ranking Member: James A. Reed)
- Public Health and National Quarantine (Chairman: Joseph I. France; Ranking Member: Joseph E. Ransdell)
- Public Lands (Chairman: Reed Smoot; Ranking Member: Henry L. Myers)
- Railroads (Chairman: Irvine L. Lenroot; Ranking Member: Peter G. Gerry)
- Reconstruction and Production (Select)
- Revision of the Laws (Chairman: N/A; Ranking Member: N/A)
- Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Morris Sheppard; Ranking Member: Henry Cabot Lodge)
- Rules (Chairman: Philander C. Knox; Ranking Member: Lee S. Overman)
- Standards, Weights and Measures (Chairman: William S. Kenyon; Ranking Member: Warren G. Harding)
- Tariff Regulation (Select)
- Territories (Chairman: Harry S. New; Ranking Member: Key Pittman)
- Transportation and Sale of Meat Products (Select) (Chairman: Duncan U. Fletcher; Ranking Member: Porter J. McCumber)
- Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Chairman: Duncan U. Fletcher; Ranking Member: William P. Dillingham)
- Trespassers upon Indian Lands (Select) (Chairman: Henry F. Ashurst; Ranking Member: Wesley L. Jones)
- Whole
- Woman Suffrage (Chairman: James Eli Watson; Ranking Member: Andrieus A. Jones)
House of Representatives
- Accounts (Chairman: Clifford Ireland; Ranking Member: Frank Park)
- Agriculture (Chairman: Gilbert N. Haugen; Ranking Member: Gordon Lee)
- Alcoholic Liquor Traffic (Chairman: Addison T. Smith; Ranking Member: William D. Upshaw)
- Appropriations (Chairman: James W. Good; Ranking Member: Joseph W. Byrns)
- Banking and Currency (Chairman: Edmund Platt; Ranking Member: Michael F. Phelan)
- Budget (Select) (Chairman: James W. Good; Ranking Member: Joseph W. Byrns)
- Census (Chairman: Charles A. Nichols; Ranking Member: James B. Aswell)
- Claims (Chairman: George W. Edmonds; Ranking Member: Henry B. Steagall)
- Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Albert H. Vestal; Ranking Member: William A. Ashbrook)
- Disposition of Executive Papers (Chairman: Merrill Moores)
- District of Columbia (Chairman: Carl E. Mapes; Ranking Member: Ben Johnson)
- Education (Chairman: Simeon D. Fess; Ranking Member: William J. Sears)
- Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress (Chairman: Florian Lampert; Ranking Member: William W. Rucker)
- Elections No.#1 (Chairman: Frederick W. Dallinger; Ranking Member: Joe H. Eagle)
- Elections No.#2 (Chairman: Louis B. Goodall; Ranking Member: James W. Overstreet)
- Elections No.#3 (Chairman: Cassius C. Dowell; Ranking Member: Joseph Rowan)
- Enrolled Bills (Chairman: John R. Ramsey; Ranking Member: Ladislas Lazaro)
- Expenditures in the Agriculture Department (Chairman: John M. Baer; Ranking Member: Robert L. Doughton)
- Expenditures in the Commerce Department (Chairman: Thomas Sutler Williams; Ranking Member: Michael F. Phelan)
- Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: Aaron S. Kreider; Ranking Member: William F. Stevenson)
- Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: Wallace H. White Jr.; Ranking Member: James P. Buchanan)
- Expenditures in the Labor Department (Chairman: Anderson H. Walters; Ranking Member: John J. Casey)
- Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Leonard S. Echols; Ranking Member: Rufus Hardy)
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: Frederick N. Zihlman; Ranking Member: Benjamin G. Humphreys)
- Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Richard N. Elliott; Ranking Member: Clement Brumbaugh)
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Porter H. Dale; Ranking Member: Charles D. Carter)
- Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: William J. Graham; Ranking Member: Jerome F. Donovan)
- Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Ira G. Hersey; Ranking Member: Ezekiel S. Candler Jr.)
- Flood Control (Chairman: William A. Rodenberg; Ranking Member: Benjamin G. Humphreys)
- Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Stephen G. Porter; Ranking Member: Henry D. Flood)
- Immigration and Naturalization (Chairman: Albert Johnson; Ranking Member: Adolph J. Sabath)
- Indian Affairs (Chairman: Philip P. Campbell; Ranking Member: Charles D. Carter)
- Industrial Arts and Expositions (Chairman: Oscar E. Bland; Ranking Member: Isaac R. Sherwood)
- Insular Affairs (Chairman: Horace M. Towner; Ranking Member: Finis J. Garrett)
- Interstate and Foreign Commerce (Chairman: John J. Esch; Ranking Member: Thetus W. Sims)
- Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Charles E. Fuller; Ranking Member: Isaac R. Sherwood)
- Investigate Contracts and Expenditures Made by the War Department during the War (Select) (Chairman: N/A; Ranking Member: N/A)
- Irrigation of Arid Lands (Chairman: Moses P. Kinkaid; Ranking Member: Edward T. Taylor)
- Judiciary (Chairman: Andrew J. Volstead; Ranking Member: Robert Y. Thomas Jr.)
- Labor (Chairman: John M. C. Smith; Ranking Member: James P. Maher)
- Library (Chairman: Norman J. Gould; Ranking Member: Ben Johnson)
- Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chairman: William S. Greene; Ranking Member: Rufus Hardy)
- Mileage (Chairman: John A. Elston; Ranking Member: James P. Maher)
- Military Affairs (Chairman: Julius Kahn; Ranking Member: S. Hubert Dent Jr.)
- Mines and Mining (Chairman: Mahlon M. Garland; Ranking Member: Otis Wingo)
- Naval Affairs (Chairman: Thomas S. Butler; Ranking Member: Lemuel P. Padgett)
- Patents (Chairman: John I. Nolan; Ranking Member: Guy E. Campbell)
- Pensions (Chairman: Sam R. Sells; Ranking Member: James M. Mead)
- Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Halvor Steenerson; Ranking Member: John A. Moon)
- Printing (Chairman: Edgar R. Kiess; Ranking Member: James V. McClintic)
- Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: John W. Langley; Ranking Member: Frank Clark)
- Public Lands (Chairman: Nicholas J. Sinnott; Ranking Member: Scott Ferris)
- Railways and Canals (Chairman: Loren E. Wheeler; Ranking Member: Benjamin F. Welty)
- Reform in the Civil Service (Chairman: Frederick R. Lehlbach; Ranking Member: Hannibal L. Godwin)
- Revision of Laws (Chairman: Edward C. Little; Ranking Member: John T. Watkins)
- Rivers and Harbors (Chairman: Charles A. Kennedy; Ranking Member: John H. Small)
- Roads (Chairman: Thomas B. Dunn; Ranking Member: Edward W. Saunders)
- Rules (Chairman: Philip P. Campbell; Ranking Member: Edward W. Pou)
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories (Chairman: Charles F. Curry; Ranking Member: John T. Watkins)
- United States Shipping Board Operations (Select) (Chairman: Joseph Walsh; Ranking Member: N/A)
- War Claims (Chairman: Benjamin K. Focht; Ranking Member: Frank Clark)
- Water Power (Special) (Chairman: John J. Esch; Ranking Member: Thetus W. Sims)
- Ways and Means (Chairman: Joseph W. Fordney; Ranking Member: Claude Kitchin)
- Woman Suffrage (Chairman: James Robert Mann; Ranking Member: John E. Raker)
- Whole
Joint committees
- Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
- Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers
- High Cost of Living
- The Library (Chairman: Sen. Frank B. Brandegee)
- Pacific Coast Naval Bases
- Postal Salaries
- Postal Service
- Printing (Chairman: Sen. Reed Smoot)
- Reclassification of Salaries
- Reorganization
- Reorganization of the Administrative Branch of the Government
- Three Hundredth Anniversary of the Landing of the Pilgrims
- To Investigate the System of Shortime Rural Credits
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Caucuses
- Democratic (House)
- Democratic (Senate)
Employees
Legislative branch agency directors
Senate
- Chaplain: F.J. Prettyman (Methodist), until January 21, 1921.
- John J. Muir (Baptist), from January 21, 1921.
- Secretary: James M. Baker, until May 19, 1919.
- George A. Sanderson, from May 19, 1919.
- Librarian: Edward C. Goodwin
- Sergeant at Arms: Charles P. Higgins, until May 19, 1919.
- David S. Barry, from May 19, 1919.
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: Henry N. Couden (Universalist)
- Clerk: South Trimble, until May 19, 1919
- William T. Page, from May 19, 1919
- Doorkeeper: Bert W. Kennedy
- Clerk at the Speaker's Table: Clarence A. Cannon
- Lehr Fess
- Reading Clerks: Patrick Joseph Haltigan (D) and Alney E. Chaffee (R)
- Postmaster: Frank W. Collier
- Sergeant at Arms: Robert B. Gordon, until May 19, 1919
- Joseph G. Rodgers, from May 19, 1919
See also
- 1918 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
- 1920 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
References
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